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Automated Detection of Hate Speech and Offensive Language
Štajerová, Alžbeta ; Žmolíková, Kateřina (referee) ; Fajčík, Martin (advisor)
This thesis discusses hate speech and offensive language phenomenon, their respective definitions and their occurrence in natural language. It describes previously used methods of solving the detection. An evaluation of available data sets suitable for the problem of detection is provided. The thesis aims to provide additional methods of solving the detection of this issue and it compares the results of these methods. Five models were selected in total. Two of them are focused on feature extraction and the remaining three are neural network models. I have experimentally evaluated the success of the implemented models. The results of this thesis allow for comparison of the typical approaches with the methods leveraging the newest findings in terms of machine learning that are used for the classification of hate speech and offensive language.
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European Convention on Human Rights and its response to hate crimes and hate speech
Kundrák, Viktor ; Hofmannová, Mahulena (advisor) ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (referee) ; Jílek, Dalibor (referee)
The doctoral thesis deals with the issue of hate crime and hate speech in international law, specifically the protection of victims of acts falling under both categories within the framework of the European Convention on Human Rights. It describes the conceptual development of both phenomena and their regulation in international law, including both hard law, i.e. binding international law, and soft law, at both the universal and regional levels. Regarding hate speech, it highlights the crucial role of international freedom of expression protection and the different standards and requirements imposed on states based on the severity of the speech. It extensively analyzes the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to both areas, introducing the category of verbal hate crime, which lies between hate crime and hate speech. It describes the parameters and limits of victim protection in relation to both types of behaviors and outlines possible future directions for the development of the Court's case law in the context of binding instruments at the universal level and the dynamic development of international soft law. In the area of hate crime, it focuses on the reflection of the need for a comprehensive response to the phenomenon, going beyond the procedural obligation of effective...
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The impacts of online hate speech on non-governmental organizations defending the Roma rights
Odložilová, Nikola ; Muhič Dizdarevič, Selma (advisor) ; Košák Felcmanová, Alena (referee)
This diploma thesis explores online hate speech in context of non-governmental organizations defending the Roma rights. The theoretical part defines basic concepts related to civil society organizations, antigypsyism and hate speech.The research part is designed as a single-case study using a combination of non-intrusive research approaches and semi-structured interviews with employees of the selected organization, which is ROMEA, o.p.s. The aim of the thesis is to understand the organization's experience with online hate speech and its impact on its own activities. The thesis provides insights into what kind of online hate speech the organization faces, how it is perceived among its employees and how the organization approaches the issue. Key words: Hate speech; online space; antigypsyism; civil society organizations
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League of Legends Player Community Toxicity
Wija, Jakub ; Fousek Krobová, Tereza (advisor) ; Houška, Jan (referee)
This thesis describes the toxic behaviour of League of Legends gaming community. It offers definitions of toxic behaviour as a communication-behavioural phenomenon that results from disruptive behaviour. It also describes types of toxic behaviour such as cheating, sabotage, mediocritizing, hostages-holding, and communicative aggression, on which I focused in this thesis. This thesis takes a closer look at hostility towards female and queer gamers and describes phenomena such as toxic geek masculinity or the incel movement. The main aim is to familiarize the reader with the issue and represent the perspective of the victims of this type of behaviour. The perspective is explored in the thesis through qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews. The research sample consisted of six respondents. Three respondents who identify as queer players and three respondents who identify as female. The interviews focused on how they perceive the toxic behaviour of the League of Legends community and how they perceive the game title itself. Amongst other, the analytical part includes the male and female respondents' experiences with hate speech or the strategies they use to cope with this type of toxic behaviour.
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The Economics of Hatred in Reality TV
Brabencová, Lenka ; Reifová, Irena (advisor) ; Bednařík, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the formation of hatred towards the participants of the reality TV shows MasterChef Czechia and Married at First Sight. Specifically, the focus is on whether the shows and the participants in them have the potential to evoke this emotion among their viewers. The theoretical part deals with the relationship between television and the Internet environment, where this emotion can be subsequently stirred up within groups on discussion forums or social networks. It also defines the genre of reality TV into which are the TV shows included, and in the end defines hatred and other emotions that are closely related to it. Based on the findings from the literature, the characteristics that can potentially lead to the emotion under discussion are then identified. These traits are central to the subsequent determination of the research questions. In the research part, one particular series at a time (both were broadcast during 2020) is then qualitatively analysed for both TV shows, also there is the portrayal of all their main participants, with a particular focus on finding defined traits with the potential to provoke hatred. The final sub-section of the research section also briefly mentions the response that these particular TV shows had in the social media environment at the...
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Verbal hate speech and the legitimacy of its criminal punishment
Geržičák, Martin ; Heranová, Simona (advisor) ; Mulák, Jiří (referee)
Verbal hate speech and the legitimacy of its criminal punishment Hate speech has been enjoying an elevated level of media attention in the last few years. These biased expressions of hate - most often verbal - targeted against specific groups of people are a manifestation of social antagonisms and as such, disturb public order and coexistence of people; furthermore, they are often associated with issues of prejudice, bias-motivated violence, xenophobia, discrimination, and extremism. Criminal punishment of this type of expression is already possible today and it can be reasonably expected to become increasingly important. The purpose of this thesis is a critical review concerning the legitimacy of criminal punishment of verbal hate speech in the Czech Republic, including identification of troublesome elements of the current legislation. Conclusions of this review shall stem primarily from the legal analysis of constituent elements of relevant crimes, commentary literature, jurisprudence and legal literature related to the topic. The first chapter aims to explain the central concepts - hate speech, verbal hate speech and the relationship between them. A closer look is given to the phenomenon which links these concepts together and, at the same time, constitutes an inherent part of them both: biased...
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The issue of so-called hate speech in the context of freedom of speech
Chvátalová, Daniela ; Kudrna, Jan (referee)
The issue of so called hate speech in the context of freedom of speech Abstract This thesis titled The issue of so-called hate speech in the context of freedom of speech deals with the legal regulation of hate speech at the international and national level. The thesis contains a comprehensive analysis of legal instruments regulating hate speech in civil, anti-discrimination, administrative and criminal law. This thesis combines the theoretical basis of hate speech regulation with practical knowledge about the applicability of individual legal norms and is supplemented by relevant case law of the Czech courts and the European Court of Human Rights. The aim of this work is to describe the phenomenon of hate speech, provide an analysis of legal instruments regulating hate speech and also to analyse legal arguments for hate speech regulation. The thesis attempts to find the boundary between protected speech and speech that is unprotected by the international and constitutional framework of freedom of speech protection, by means of an analysis of individual court decisions. The thesis also contains a critical reflection of the current legal framework of hate speech regulation and suggests possible variants of legislative changes in the future. The thesis is structured into five chapters. The first part...
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The issue of so-called hate speech in the context of freedom of speech
Chvátalová, Daniela ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Grinc, Jan (referee)
The issue of so called hate speech in the context of freedom of speech Abstract This thesis titled The issue of so-called hate speech in the context of freedom of speech deals with the legal regulation of hate speech at the international and national level. The thesis contains a comprehensive analysis of legal instruments regulating hate speech in civil, anti-discrimination, administrative and criminal law. This thesis combines the theoretical basis of hate speech regulation with practical knowledge about the applicability of individual legal norms and is supplemented by relevant case law of the Czech courts and the European Court of Human Rights. The aim of this work is to describe the phenomenon of hate speech, provide an analysis of legal instruments regulating hate speech and also to analyse legal arguments for hate speech regulation. The thesis attempts to find the boundary between protected speech and speech that is unprotected by the international and constitutional framework of freedom of speech protection, by means of an analysis of individual court decisions. The thesis also contains a critical reflection of the current legal framework of hate speech regulation and suggests possible variants of legislative changes in the future. The thesis is structured into five chapters. The first part...
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Automated Detection of Hate Speech and Offensive Language
Štajerová, Alžbeta ; Žmolíková, Kateřina (referee) ; Fajčík, Martin (advisor)
This thesis discusses hate speech and offensive language phenomenon, their respective definitions and their occurrence in natural language. It describes previously used methods of solving the detection. An evaluation of available data sets suitable for the problem of detection is provided. The thesis aims to provide additional methods of solving the detection of this issue and it compares the results of these methods. Five models were selected in total. Two of them are focused on feature extraction and the remaining three are neural network models. I have experimentally evaluated the success of the implemented models. The results of this thesis allow for comparison of the typical approaches with the methods leveraging the newest findings in terms of machine learning that are used for the classification of hate speech and offensive language.
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Limits of free speech on social media
Navrátilová, Kateřina ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of the boundaries of freedom of expression on social media, which represent a significant present-day means of communication. As their social importance increases, so do the undesirable effects such as the spread of fake news and hate speech, presenting a challenge to be tackled. In some countries, certain measures to regulate social networks content have already been adapted. In the first section of the thesis, freedom of expression as a general concept is discussed. Special attention is drawn to its role in a democratic society, while at the same time mentioning its possible limitations. The second part is devoted to social networks as such, namely Facebook and Twitter. First, defining features of digital media in general are described, followed by the policies of individual social networks. The third part is devoted to the issues of personal rights violations, hate speech, pornography, and disinformation - occurrences that maybe in conflict with freedom of expression. These phenomena are observed in connection with the policies of individual social networks as well as the law of the Czech Republic. The final part of the bachelor thesis focuses on both internal and external regulation of social networks content. Differences between Facebook and Twitter...
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